Birthmarks, Hemangiomas, and other Vascular Malformations

Birthmarks are common skin markings that are present at or shortly after birth. They can vary in size, color, and appearance. While most birthmarks are harmless, it’s essential to consider a range of possibilities in the differential diagnosis. Here are some categories and examples of conditions that may be included in the differential diagnosis of birthmarks:

Vascular Birthmarks:

Hemangiomas: These are common vascular tumors that may appear as raised, red or purple growths. They often appear shortly after birth and may grow in size before gradually fading.

Port-Wine Stains: These are flat, pink, red, or purple birthmarks caused by dilated blood vessels. They persist throughout life and may darken over time.

Salmon Patches (Stork Bites): These are flat, pink patches often found on the back of the neck or eyelids. They usually fade within the first year.

Pigmented Birthmarks:

Café-au-lait Spots: These are flat, light brown birthmarks that may be present at birth. Multiple café-au-lait spots or large ones may be associated with certain genetic conditions.

Mongolian Spots: These are blue or grayish-blue patches commonly found on the lower back or buttocks, more common in individuals with darker skin.

Nevus (Mole): Moles can be present at birth or appear later in childhood. They can vary in color and size.

Connective Tissue Birthmarks:

Dermal Hypoplasia (Hypopigmentation): Conditions like incontinentia pigmenti can cause hypopigmentation along with other skin and developmental abnormalities.

Developmental Birthmarks:

Dermal Cysts: These are cystic structures that may be present at birth or develop later. They can vary in size and may contain fluid or other materials.

Epidermal Nevus: A raised, wart-like lesion that is often present at birth. It may have a verrucous or smooth appearance.

Others:

Linear Epidermal Nevus: A linear streak of raised or pigmented skin often present at birth.

Lipomatous Lesions: Birthmarks that consist of fatty tissue may be present, such as lipomas.

Please book an appointment with one of our vascular specialists for a proper evaluation and diagnosis of birthmarks. In some cases, additional tests or a biopsy may be needed to rule out any underlying conditions.