Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is a condition in which the veins in the legs are unable to adequately return blood to the heart, resulting in poor blood flow. This is often due to damaged or weakened valves in the veins, which normally help prevent the backward flow of blood. When these valves are compromised, blood can pool in the legs, causing a variety of symptoms and potential complications.

Here are some key aspects of chronic venous insufficiency:

Causes:

Valve Dysfunction: The most common cause of CVI is malfunctioning valves in the veins. Normally, these valves help blood flow against gravity back to the heart, but if they become weakened or damaged, blood can pool in the veins.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): A history of deep vein thrombosis, a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins, can lead to damage to the veins and increase the risk of CVI.

Varicose Veins: Chronic and severe varicose veins can contribute to CVI by causing increased pressure and damage to the vein walls and valves.

Other Risk Factors: Factors such as age, family history, obesity, and prolonged periods of standing or sitting can also increase the risk of developing chronic venous insufficiency.

Symptoms:

Swelling: Edema or swelling, especially in the ankles and lower legs, is a common symptom.

Pain: Individuals with CVI may experience aching or cramping pain in the legs, particularly after prolonged periods of standing or sitting.

Skin Changes: The skin on the lower legs may become discolored, and in advanced cases, it may become thickened or develop ulcers.

Varicose Veins: The presence of varicose veins, which are enlarged and twisted veins, is a common symptom of CVI.

Diagnosis:

A healthcare provider may diagnose chronic venous insufficiency through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies such as ultrasound to assess blood flow in the veins.

Treatment:

Compression Therapy: The use of compression stockings or bandages can help improve blood flow and reduce swelling.

Lifestyle Modifications: Elevating the legs, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding prolonged periods of sitting or standing can help manage symptoms.

Medications: Medications may be prescribed to relieve symptoms such as pain and inflammation.

Minimally Invasive Procedures: In some cases, procedures like endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) or radiofrequency ablation may be recommended to treat damaged veins and improve blood flow.

Surgery: Although rarely done, surgical interventions such as vein ligation or vein bypass surgery, may be considered in severe cases.

It’s important for individuals experiencing symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency to consult with our vascular specialists for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan. Early intervention and lifestyle modifications can help manage symptoms and prevent the progression of the condition.